Interview with Alice Pomfret | City Reports

The City Reports are the final segment of Correlation – European Harm Reduction Network (C-EHRN)’s Civil Society-led Monitoring of Harm Reduction 2023 Data Report. These concise harm reduction ‘case studies’ highlight either innovative practices or urgent issues demanding immediate attention in five different European cities. The reports will serve as advocacy tools to engage decision makers at all levels, either by showcasing best practices or as an urgent call to action. We asked the primary author, Alice Pomfret, about the process of preparing the reports, and how harm reduction organisations can use them in their advocacy efforts. Read the interview below!

Why did you decide to dedicate a volume of the 2023 monitoring report to the city reports?

The city reports are highly qualitative in nature, and they really zoom in to one particular issue or practice to provide a more nuanced understanding of the local context. We have found that traditional methods such as surveys and questionnaires, while great for capturing large amounts of data, are not so effective at achieving that level of depth. The city reports offer selected focal points an opportunity to authentically tell their story and shed light on issues that are unique to their cities. We hope that this will raise greater awareness of the particular issue, strengthening their advocacy efforts and ultimately leading to positive change.

How did you choose the cities that were included in the report series?

Focal points were invited to nominate themselves to be involved in the City Reports, and following a series of meetings, five cities were selected. This selection process involved extensive discussions with the focal points themselves, leading to a collaborative decision of the cities to be featured. A mix of capital cities and smaller cities were chosen to reflect a variety of contexts, populations and needs. We also thought about geographical variation to ensure coverage across regions. Additionally, we took into account whether the situation that they wished to share were examples of innovative practices or urgent problems to ensure that the reports were balanced in that respect too. It was important for us to strike a balance between positive and negative aspects so that we don’t just focus on the ‘doom and gloom’ and celebrate some harm reduction wins along the way.

Which methods did you use to collect the data for the city reports?

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with various stakeholders, including community representatives, policymakers, harm reduction service providers, and other relevant actors. Depending on the city, interviews were either conducted in the local language by the focal point, then translated into English, and analysed by myself. Or, where respondents were comfortable interviewing in English, I would conduct and analyse the interviews myself. I also gathered extensive literature on the topic to supplement the interviews.

How can harm reduction organisations make use of the city reports?

The reports have been designed to function as concise and easily accessible advocacy tools, aimed at engaging decision makers at various levels. They achieve this by either showcasing best practices, offering inspiration for other cities, or by highlighting an urgent problem that requires immediate attention and action. We purposely tried to keep these reports short and to the point, so that they are more likely to actually be read by decision-makers. The design of the report was influenced by input from the focal point, aligning them closely with their specific needs and goals. However, other harm reduction organisations can definitely use the reports. For instance, to benchmark their own city against other cities’ approaches, or alternatively, if they are experiencing challenges similar to those highlighted in a report, they can use them as resources to strengthen their own advocacy initiatives.

C-EHRN will also establish and implement a tailored Advocacy Mentorship Programme to increase the advocacy capacities of focal points and support the dissemination of C-EHRN reports and activities at the local and national policy-making levels. This will include a tailored advocacy training coordinated by the Rights Reporter Foundation and follow-up mentorship support for focal points who were involved in the City Reports for 2023. It will also involve a video being produced, with the findings presented at the European Harm Reduction Conference in December, which is really exciting!

Have you noticed any significant differences among the cities and if so, would you describe what these were?

What’s been really interesting to see across cities is how local and national politics play out differently when it comes to supporting harm reduction efforts. For instance, in Esch-sur-Alzette in Luxembourg, harm reduction initiatives, including the implementation of drug consumption rooms (DCRs), are a key part of the National Drug Strategy. So, any pushback against DCRs usually comes from the local level, so the city municipalities. Whereas in Warsaw, we see greater engagement from the local policymakers, at least at the district level, whereas decision makers higher up, whether at the city level or national level, seem to prioritise drug policy or harm reduction less. A similar dynamic can also be seen in Amsterdam, where the city government is extremely progressive, openly criticising the failures of the war on drugs, and advocating for drug regulation. Yet at the national level, the stance on drug policy remains much more in this prohibitionist paradigm.

 

Following a new format, Correlation – European Harm Reduction Network’s Civil Society-led Monitoring of Harm Reduction in Europe 2023 Data Report is launched in 6 volumes: Hepatitis C Care, Essential Harm Reduction Services, New Drug Trends, Mental Health of Harm Reduction Staff, TEDI Reports and City Reports (Warsaw, Bălţi, Esch-sur-Alzette, London, Amsterdam). The Executive Summary can be accessed here.

Recording – City Report Launch | Civil Society Monitoring of Harm Reduction in Europe

The video is the recording of the report launch webinar that took place on Tuesday, 9th April 2024.

The City Reports are the final segment of Correlation – European Harm Reduction Network (C-EHRN)’s Civil Society-led Monitoring of Harm Reduction 2023 Data Report. These concise harm reduction ‘case studies’ highlight either innovative practices or urgent issues demanding immediate attention in five different European cities. The reports will serve as advocacy tools to engage decision makers at all levels, either by showcasing best practices or as an urgent call to action.

Panellists:

 

Following a new format, Correlation – European Harm Reduction Network’s Civil Society-led Monitoring of Harm Reduction in Europe 2023 Data Report is launched in 6 volumes: Hepatitis C Care, Essential Harm Reduction Services, New Drug Trends, Mental Health of Harm Reduction Staff, TEDI Reports and City Reports (Warsaw, Bălţi, Esch-sur-Alzette, London, Amsterdam). The Executive Summary can be accessed here.

City Report – London. The disproportionate harms of drug prohibition on oppressed peoples

In London, punitive drug policies are a driver of discriminatory policing and incarceration, evidenced by the number of drug possession offences that are unduly focused on Black, Asian and minority ethnic communities. Despite decreased overall police stop and search rates, racial disproportionality has increased, with Black individuals facing drug-related stop-and-searches at nine times the rate of white people. Additionally, Black individuals comprise a quarter of cannabis possession convictions, despite representing less than four percent of the population. The criminalisation of drug use in the UK also limits access to housing for people who require social accommodation, causing fear of eviction among people who use drugs. ‘Public Space Protection Orders’ further exacerbate this issue by penalising activities like rough sleeping and drug consumption, pushing marginalised individuals into deeper isolation and further marginalisation. These punitive measures fail to address underlying issues, amplifying the risks and harms faced by affected communities. This underscores the crucial necessity for harm reduction as a response to both drug-related risks and the harm caused by prohibition.

 

Following a new format, Correlation – European Harm Reduction Network’s Civil Society-led Monitoring of Harm Reduction in Europe 2023 Data Report is launched in 6 volumes: Hepatitis C Care, Essential Harm Reduction Services, New Drug Trends, Mental Health of Harm Reduction Staff, TEDI Reports and City Reports (Warsaw, Bălţi, Esch-sur-Alzette, London, Amsterdam). The Executive Summary can be accessed here.

SEMID-EU: Migration and access to (Harm Reduction) Services

Several risk factors expose migrants in Europe to high-risk drug use. These include traumatic experiences, disengagement with society, unemployment and poverty. Services and municipalities throughout the European Union are faced with the urgent challenge to address these migrants’ needs.

A better understanding of the needs of vulnerable migrants who use drugs could improve local responses throughout Europe. In the SEMID-EU project, coordinated by Mainline, seven partners across Europe worked to improve the (harm reduction) services access for migrants. This project focuses on filling knowledge and practice gaps in drug use and migration in Europe, aiming to improve the wellbeing of vulnerable migrants who use drugs by improving knowledge and understanding among policymakers and practitioners and strengthening capacities of healthcare and support services working with these groups.

C-EHRN created several resources for this project, including a Policy Brief and several Fact Sheets, which you can download below.
Find out more about the other activities and results of the project here.

SEMID-EU’s Findings on Migration, Homelessness and Drug Use in Amsterdam

On the 9th of November, a meeting organised by two SEMID-EU project partners, C-EHRN and Mainline, took place in Villa Buitenlust, Amsterdam with relevant local actors in the field of migration, homelessness and drug use. This gathering sought to address the multifaceted challenges encountered by migrants who use drugs and experience homelessness throughout Europe, with a specific focus on Amsterdam. The event aimed to share the findings and materials of the SEMID-EU project and prompt discussion on the situation in Amsterdam.

SEMID-EU is a project specifically designed to fill gaps in knowledge and practice on drug use in migrant populations. By gaining a better understanding of the needs of migrants who use drugs in Europe, it aims to improve policies and responses that affect these groups to increase their access to high-quality healthcare, drug treatment, harm reduction and (re)integration services. The focus of SEMID-EU has been on marginalised migrants, for whom institutional, structural, social and personal barriers stand in the way of the fulfilment of their basic human rights.

The key results at an Amsterdam level underlined the importance of collaboration between relevant stakeholders to support services for migrants who use drugs. In Amsterdam, homelessness is a big problem intra-European and Spanish-speaking migrants who use drugs are dealing with. Research conducted in SEMID-EU reveals the significant advantages individuals experience through drug consumption rooms, shelters and support services aimed at fulfilling their fundamental needs. However, the capacity of these services is sometimes too limited. For example, the occasional shelter does help but does not tackle the uncertainty and stress of homelessness. Without a safe and stable environment to sleep, long-term substance dependency aid (when requested) is impossible. Migrants who use drugs struggle to access (social) housing, employment, and healthcare services, and the need for insurance to access healthcare that depends on formal residence is an especially big issue.

Among the group of Maghreb Arabic-speaking refugees, there is a reported lack of support services available to help with procedures of migration, laws, drugs and drug dependency services, financial support and mental health services. However, the most prominent support services needed are mental health services, necessary to cope with the trauma that originated in their countries of origin and at refugee camps and are too often not offered.

Low-threshold (harm reduction) services serve as crucial connections for migrants who use drugs, acting as a gateway to other essential healthcare and support services. Nevertheless, these services need greater support from funding bodies due to their frequent capacity constraints. Within the discussion, there was a clear emphasis on the necessity for national cohesion in the Netherlands to adopt human-rights-centred responses to homelessness, ensuring adequate housing solutions for individuals in need.

Plenty of resources that can support the expansion of availability and quality of services for migrants who use drugs are going to be made available soon on both Mainline’s and Correlation’s websites. Of these, the following are already available:

SEMID-EU is coordinated by Mainline, an organisation based in Amsterdam whose mission is to improve the health and social position of people who use drugs, without primarily aiming to reduce drug use and out of respect for the freedom of choice and possibilities of the individual.

Other partners involved in the SEMID-EU project are Ghent University, ISGlobal – Barcelona Institute of Global Health, Positive Voice, Fixpunkt e.V., Gaïa Paris and C-EHRN.

Position Paper | People Who Use Drugs and Mental Health

This World Mental Health Day, in a significant stride towards prioritising the mental health of individuals who use drugs, the Civil Society Forum on Drugs (CSFD) has sent its position paper to the EU Spanish Presidency, the Horizontal Working Party on Drugs, and the European Commission. The paper, titled “People Who Use Drugs and Mental Health“, emphasises the urgent need to address the often neglected intersection of mental health and substance use within the European context.

The paper addresses the complexity of the relationship between mental health conditions and substance use. Mental health conditions are influenced by social determinants such as inequality, discrimination, violence, and homelessness, factors which disproportionately affect people who use drugs. Furthermore, specific subpopulations, including women, young people, ethnic minorities, and indigenous groups, face unique challenges in accessing appropriate services for their mental health and substance use needs. These disparities highlight the pressing need for a comprehensive and inclusive approach to addressing these issues from a person-centred, holistic perspective. The paper also calls for specific terminology reform, promoting the use of the term ‘comorbidity’ to describe the existence of both mental health conditions and substance use.

The paper concludes with a number of recommendations related to this issue, urging for a comprehensive review of current shortcomings in accessibility, inclusivity and sustainability of care. The CSFD welcomes the introduction of this topic within the political agenda, as these issues have historically been disregarded and warrant urgent consideration. The CSFD’s position paper serves as a call to action, urging policymakers, healthcare providers, and society at large to recognize and address the critical issues surrounding mental health and substance use. By adopting these recommendations and working together, we can strive for a more inclusive and compassionate approach to mental health care for all, particularly those who use drugs and face complex challenges.

Harm Reduction International Abstract Submission Open

Abstract submission for HR23 is now open.

 

The theme for HR23 is Strength in Solidarity, with a particular interest in how harm reduction intersects with other social justice movements.

 

A list of starting point ideas includes;

  1. Indigenous, rural and underserved communities and harm reduction (particularly Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ priorities for harm reduction)
  2. Prisons/services/compulsory drug treatment/decarceration/abolition
  3. Harm reduction and covid-19 (community-led responses, access to vaccines, enforcement & human rights violations)
  4. Sex work and harm reduction
  5. Racism/white supremacy/decolonising drug policy
  6. Financing/funding harm reduction (sustainability and resilience in challenging environments/budget advocacy for harm reduction)
  7. Death penalty for drug offences
  8. Harm reduction as an ethic
  9. Children, young people and adolescents
  10. LGBTQI+ communities and harm reduction
  11. Traditional and medicinal use of drugs
  12. Current peer- and drug user-led services, programmes and organisations – advantages, challenges and history
  13. Progress in harm reduction (DCRs/overdose prevention/harm reduction for stimulant users/integrated services/intersections with mental health)
  14. Safer nightlife/party drug harm reduction/drug checking
  15. Feminism and harm reduction
  16. Harm reduction activism (successes/new strategies/social media tools)
  17. Drugs and pleasure: beyond harm reduction
  18. Harm reduction in crises (war/migration/humanitarian disasters/climate crisis/pandemics)
  19. Civil disobedience and harm reduction (illicit provision of naloxone/unsanctioned DCRs/safe supply)
  20. Tainted drug supplies/markets – their threat, and what they illustrate (E.g., fentanyl, benzo dope)

 

The call for abstracts will close at 23.59 BST on 30 September 2022.

 

More information, and how to apply here.

C-EHRN Podcast Series #3: How to support broader decriminalisation processes?

Following the 5th European Harm Reduction Conference opening session Drug Policy, Decriminalisation: The next global step for Europe?, we recorded the 2nd episode of C-EHRN Podcast Series. Our guests discussed why there are still too few countries taking the bold step of decriminalisation even though it is proven that it works? 

Why are policymakers still addicted to prohibition, and what steps would be necessary to get them to rehab?

“I think the challenge is how different demographics of the population are involved in electoral politics. Older people with conservative backgrounds are more prominently voting, and younger people feel increasingly disillusioned with politics and struggle to engage. This creates a bias.” said Mat Southwell.

The Drug Policy Reform Session has centred on the decriminalisation of drugs. However, the work of Harm Reduction sits at the intersection of various movements. Many of the communities harm reductionists work with and belong to have also been criminalised through other legal frameworks: e. g. the criminalisation of sex work, migration, sexuality and reproduction (e.g. abortion) or poverty, just to name a few. 

What are mutual aid practices and support across movements still necessary to support broader decriminalisation processes, in your opinion?

Our session guests were Jochen Schroot of VAD – the Flemish centre of expertise on alcohol and other drugs, Iga Jeziorska of Youth Organisations for Drug Action (YODA), Mat Southwell of European Network of People who Use Drugs (EuroNPUD), Maria Plotko of Eurasian Harm Reduction Association (EHRA) and Olga Belyaeva of Eurasian Network of People Who Use Drugs (ENPUD).

Enjoy listening to their conversation, and share your thoughts with us!

Equality & Human Rights | The Core of Harm Reduction

Today is Human Rights Day. Every year on 10 December, Human Rights is observed worldwide, “to proclaim the inalienable rights that everyone is entitled to as a human being.” As announced by the UN, the 2021 theme of the Day is EQUALITY – Reducing inequalities, advancing human rights.

COVID-19 has started to be referred to as the inequality virus in recent times. Since the beginning of the pandemic, pre-existing inequalities have been exposed and exacerbated. As a response, international awareness days this year have emphasised the political, social, cultural and economic importance of upholding equity and human rights with renewed strength. An example of this has been the focus of the recently endorsed international World AIDS Day. In alignment with the 2030 Agenda, which is rich in slowly-but-surely approaching elimination goals, including AIDS, HIV, and deep-rooted forms of discrimination.

Today’s Human Rights Day is a crucial and opportune moment for human rights and drug policy reform movements for at least two reasons. On the one hand, it affirms that the war on drugs continues to sustain abusive policing, over-incarceration, coercion and punishment globally. On the other, it highlights the profoundly unequal outcomes of such repressive drug policies.

To mark Human Rights Day, the IDPC has shared its open letter to Ms Ghada Waly, Executive Director, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, with a call to reform drug policies that entrench inequality. The letter “issues a strong statement on International Human Rights Day, calling on states to change the drug laws, policies and practices that violate health and human rights, and entrench inequality.” Please read the letter and ask your organisation to sign.

However, before you decide to sign such a letter, perhaps you would like to inform yourself more in-depth about current discussions on decriminalisation policies? During the 5th European Harm Reduction Conference 2021, EHRC21, we had a lively session titled “Drug policy: decriminalisation – the next logical step for Europe?” in which we discussed what you might be asking yourself now. What are the arguments for decriminalisation? If criminalisation can improve public health and human rights drastically, what are some of the complex and challenging questions that remain? You can watch it here. 

Also, remember to check the session titled “Mainstreaming Human Rights & Evidence-based Law Enforcement”. This EHRC21 session could also be a valuable look-back since in here essential discussions took place regarding the role that law enforcement agencies ought to have in addressing the needs of people who use drugs. Please watch it here. 

Today also marks the end of the #16DayActivism Challenge, which started on the International Day of Elimination of Violence against Women. The joint action by the International Network of People who Use Drugs (INPUD) and the Women and Harm Reduction International Network (WHRIN), addressing violence, stigma, and discrimination against women who use drugs, shares its concluding remarks today, on Human Rights Day. Please read them here. 

Finally, today we are also launching the C-EHRN Podcast Series. To kick off our long-awaited podcast series’ idea, we held roundtable sessions during the EHRC21, talking to harm reductionists on several topics. We happily and excitedly present you with the first episode of the series about Human Rights.

For this session, we had four guests; Irena Molnar of ReGeneration, Machteld Busz of MainLINE, Sabrina Sanchez of ESWA and Aura Roig of Metzineres; four strong women representing the core of their work with boldness, kindness, sincerity and fire.
“We are the ones that avoid talking about human rights. Instead, we legitimise our services from a social control point of view. We need to break this cycle and indicate that we do our work for the health and well-being of the people.” said Aura Roig. 

Would you agree? Do we tend to forget that everything we do is in the name of equal human rights?
Listen to the podcast here and share your opinion with us.

COVID-19 in Marginalised Groups – Challenges, actions and voices

The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented crisis for governments and health systems, and has severely impacted the health, lives and livelihood of millions of people worldwide.

While COVID-19 has affected everyone, it has had particular impact among marginalised communities such as homeless people, LGTBI people, people who use drugs, prisoners, sex workers and undocumented migrants. The pandemic has amplified existing challenges among these groups, who already face a high risk of poor health and various barriers in accessing healthcare and support services. The Nobody Left Outside (NLO) initiative recently explained these challenges and issued policy recommendations in a briefing paper for the WHO European Office for Investment for Health and Development.

The webinar “COVID-19 in Marginalised Groups – Challenges, actions and voices” organised in collaboration with the European Health Forum Gastein concludes the NLO Week 2020 – a week of online activities focusing on the unmet healthcare needs of marginalised communities. In this webinar, NLO civil society participants, academics and policymakers will discuss the impact of COVID-19 on marginalised groups, the gaps and unintended consequences of government responses, and how we can ensure future health systems and recovery measures reach everyone.

Speakers include:

Moderator: Boris Azaïs, Director, Public Policy Europe & Canada, MSD