Freek Spinnewijn

Can you tell us about your background?

I am the director of FEANTSA – a European NGO that focuses on the issue of homelessness. I became director in 2001. Before, I was the coordinator of a European NGOs of older people’s organisations and did some short-term jobs at university and in the media and television sector. I studied medieval history at the University of Leuven.

 

How would you describe your work in general?

FEANTSA has become quite a large NGO with a 15 persons Brussels office, about 150 members from almost all EU member states, and several subsidiaries such as the European Observatory on Homelessness. My overall responsibility is to help steer FEANTSA in the right direction and to further develop the added value of the organisation for its members, partners, and policy makers.

 

What drives you personally to work in your area of work?

I always wanted to work for a good cause and homelessness is with any doubt one of the better causes. Homelessness is a fascinating issue with a lot of links to wider societal issues. Homeless policies in place are usually not effective nor efficient. The fact that FEANTSA does induce policy change with limited means keeps me motivated at work.

 

What is your current focus?

We currently focus on three major issues – the impact of flawed migration policies on homelessness; housing solutions for homeless people; and homelessness as a public health concern.

 

Why do you think that your current focus is important?

We want to change the predominant paradigm of homeless policies and move from managing homelessness in shelters to ending homelessness. That is only possible if we start working in policy areas that are key for the preventing and solving homelessness like health, housing and migration.

Finally, as a harm reduction network, we are surely interested in your thoughts, specifically on this topic. We would be happy if you could please answer these last two questions also.

 

Harm reduction is still underfunded in many countries, even if there is enough evidence that it works and is cost effective. Why is that?

There is indeed sufficient scientific evidence that harm reduction works – also for homeless people with addiction. But that does not mean that policy makers and service providers are aware of the evidence or believe it. I think there is still much work ahead to promote harm reduction as an evidence-based approach in the homelessness sector. As homeless people are too often still considered undeserving poor (in some countries more than in others of course), policy makers and services hesitate between punitive and rehabilitative solutions. The scaling of harm reduction is complicated in such a context of hesitation…

 

Please tell us what harm reduction means to you.

It provides stability and positive prospects for homeless people. All too often, we expect the impossible from homeless people.  Accumulation of failures risks to further excludes people who are homeless. Harm reduction breaks which such a negative spiral.

COVID-19 Resource Centre

To support people who use drugs and other marginalized and underserved communities, as well as health and social workers delivering services under challenging conditions to bring this outbreak to a close, Correlation – European Harm Reduction Network is developing this Coronavirus Resource Centre. This capacity-building initiative complements our advocacy activities and the Joint Position on the Continuity of Harm Reduction Services During the COVID-19 Crisis that we published together with the Eurasian Harm Reduction Network, and the Rights Reporter Foundation

This Resource Centre brings together contributions, materials, experiences of our members, partners and allies. New/Updated materials come first, as situations change very quickly.

If you discover any out-of-date links or if there would be any links that could be included, please, let us know at this address: rpgayo@correlation-net.org

 

STATEMENTS | POSITION PAPERS | ADVOCACY

Coalition Plus, IDPC, HRI, INPUD, C-EHRN, INHSU, TAG | COVID-19: An Opportunity For POlicy Reform [June, 26th]

RCC-THV | Call to Action in Response to COVID-19 [May, 14th]

UNAIDS | Sex Workers Must not be Left Behind in the Response to COVID-19 [April, 8th]

TGEU | COVID-19 & Trans People [April, 6th]

INPUD, HRI, EHRA, IDPC et al | Call to Action COVID-19 – Special Rapporteur on the Right to Health [March, 31st]

Nobody Left Outside | EU and national government COVID-19 responses must reach everyone – including marginalised people [March, 26th]

UN Human Rights Experts | No Exceptions with COVID-19: Everyone Has the Right to Live-Saving Interventions | [March, 26th]

EATG | EATG statement on the evolving COVID-19 pandemic [March, 25th]

PICUM | The COVID-19 pandemic: We Need Urgent Measures to Protect People and Mend the Cracks in our Health, Social Protection and Migration Systems [March, 25th]

EUPHA | Statement by the EUPHA Migrant and ethnic minority health section on COVID-19 – CALL FOR ACTION [March, 24th]

UNAIDS | Rights in the time of COVID-19. Lessons from HIV for an effective, community-led response | Infographic | [March, 20th]

C-EHRN & EHRA | Harm Reduction Must Go On [March, 19th]

Human Rights Watch | Human Rights Dimensions of COVID-19 Response [March, 19th]

Global Rights / Susanna Ronconni | Prisoners Rights Matter! Statement | Article [March, 19th]

FEANTSA | COVID-19: “Staying Home” Not an Option for People Experiencing Homelessness [March, 18th]

ICRSE | COVID-19: Sex Workers Need Immediate Financial Support and Protection [March, 18th]

Penal Reform International | Coronavirus: Healthcare and Human Rights of People in Prison [March, 16th]

DPNSEE | Public Appeal to Protect Vulnerable Groups from COVID-19 [March, 2nd]

 

GUIDELINES | PROTOCOLS | GOOD PRACTICE

 

DRUG USE

EHRA | Harm reduction service delivery to people who use drugs during a public health emergency: Examples from the COVID-19 pandemic in selected countries [November 2020]

Manitoba Harm Reduction Network | Outreach Guidelines During COVID-19 [Updated, March, 26th]

EuroNPUD & INPUD & Respect Drug Users Rights | COVID-19: Advice for People who Use Drugs [March, 26th]

Forum Substitution Praxis | Newsletters on COVID-19 and Substitution Treatment [GER] [Update Daily]

Drug Reporter | How Harm Reducers Cope with the COVID-19 Pandemic in Europe? [Last update: March, 20th]

MAINline | 8 Corona-Tips voor Mensen die Drugs Gebruiken [NL] [March, 20th]

AFEW International | Mental Health & Psychological Considerations during COVID-19 Outbreak [March, 20th]

Scottish Drug Forum | Guidance on Contingency Planning for People who Use Drugs and COVID-19 (v1.0) [March, 19th]

Echele Cabeza | Consumo de Sustancias Psycoactivas en Cuarentena [SP] [March, 19th]

Zurich Drug Consumption Rooms | COVID-19 Protocols [March, 19th]

Metzineres | COVID-19 Harm Reaction Poster | Flyer (front) | Flyer (back) [March, 19th]

Energy Control | Party & Drugs in the Time of Coronavirus [March, 19th]

YALE | COVID-19 Guidance: Clinicians & Opioid Treatment Programs [March, 18th]

YALE | COVID-19 Guidance: Patients Engaged in Substance Use Treatment [March, 18th]

YALE | Guidance for People Who Use Substances on COVID-19 [March, 18th]

Arild Knutsen | An Open Letter on COVID-19 and PWUD [March, 17th]

DPNSEE | Instructions on Coronavirus for PWUD [Serb] [March, 16th]

Quality Assurance Commission for Substitution Treatment in Germany | Information on Opioid Substitution and COVID-19 – Advice for Physicians [March, 16th]

LANPUD | Drogas y COVID-19 [SP] [March, 14th]

INPUD | Harm Reduction for People Who Use Drugs [March, 13th]

Drug Policy Network SEE | Basic Protective Measures Against the New Coronavirus [March, 11th]

HRC | Safer Drug Use During the COVID-19 Outbreak [March, 11th]

HRC | Syringe Services and Harm Reduction Provider Operations During the COVID-19 Outbreak [March, 11th]

CREW | Coronavirus – General Hygiene Harm Reduction Tips [March, 4th]

 

SEX WORK

ICRSE | Sex Workers Response to COVID-19 in Europe and Central Asia [continuosly updated]
NYC Health | Information on Safer Sex during COVID-19 [March, 21st]
Butterfly Asian and Migrant Sex Workers Support Network & Maggie’s Toronto Sex Workers Action Project |Sex work COVID-19: Guidelines for Sex Workers, Clients, Third Parties, and Allies [March, 19th]

 

GENDER & SEXUAL ORIENTATION

Metzineres | Woman & Gender Non-Conforming People Who Use Drugs Surviving Violence During Quarantine [April, 8th]
NYC Health | Information on Safer Sex during COVID-19 [March, 21st]
GMSH | COVID-19: 2GBTQ MEN [March, 20th]
David Stuart | What does coronavirus (COVID-19) mean in regard to Chemsex? [March, 19th]
Energy Control | Party & Drugs in the Time of Coronavirus [March, 19th]

 

CAPACITY BUILDING

STUDIES | REPORTS | ARTICLES

WEBINARS

FEANTSA | COVID19 & Rough Sleepers [June, 10th]

ISAM | 3rd Webinar on COVID19 and Substance Use [May, 7th]

Alliance for Public Health | COVID-19 Lessons: What can make HIV programs in EECA countries more sustainable? [May, 5th]

ISAM | 2nd Webinar on COVID19 and Substance Use [April, 15th]

INPUD, Medicines du Mond, HRI, UNDOC, WHO | COVID-19 Harm Reduction Programme Implementation [April, 6th]

International AIDS Society | COVID-19 & HIV: What you Need to Know [April, 3rd]

EU Health Policy Platform | COVID-19 European Coordinated Response to the Pandemic [April, 3rd]

CATIE |  Coping with COVID-19: Insight from the Front Lines of HIV, Hepatitis C & Harm Reduction [March, 26th]

Institute for Interdisciplinary Innovation in Healthcare | COVID-19: a Systemic Crisis [March, 25th]

ICPA | Response to COVID-19 in Prisons | Slides | [March, 19th]

ISAM | COVID-19 and Substance Dependence [March, 19th]

Foundation for Opioid Response Efforts | Medications for Opioid Use Disorder and the COVID-19 [March, 19th]

HRC | Harm Reduction, COVID-19, and People Who Use Drugs [March, 18th]

 

PODCASTS

Crack Down |Emergency Measures [March, 20th]

Ten Percent Happier with Dan Harris |How to Handle Coronavirus Anxiety | Special Edition [March, 14th]

Healing Justice | Coronavirus: Wisdom from a Social Justice Lens [March, 13th]

Sharing Experiences

COVID19 | CAZAS

CAZAS is a harm reduction organization works with People Who Use Drugs and other marginalized communities since 1998 in Podgorica, Montenegro. During COVID19, the organization maintains its services, addressing the needs of their communities, despite many limitations…

read more

COVID19 | Positive Voice

COVID-19 and harm reduction in Greece – observations from inside the scenery   Background To begin with,  we have to consider the condition of the general context which is the social-economic and the cultural one in Greece. A society extremely individualised after all…

read more

COVID19 | De Regenboog Groep

What does the life of people experiencing homelessness look like while living in a Sports Hall in Amsterdam?It is hard to imagine that you have to organise your life on 4m2. During my office hours in the Sports Hall, I was fascinated by the tables of visitors and what…

read more

COVID19 | MONAR

From mid-March to mid-May, Krakow’s Drop-in has been serving its clients, drug users, through a small window in the front door. In this way, they were supported with lunch and hot drinks, needles, syringes and other harm reduction materials. Through the window…

read more

COVID19 | CONDROBS

Since shops and facilities were closed on March 18th, 2020 and the Bavaria-wide going-out restrictions came into effect on March 21st, 2020, the situation of drug users and low-threshold facilities has changed a lot: Accommodation options such as Drop-Inns only run in…

read more

COVID19 | CRESCER

CRESCER develops community-based interventions with a harm reduction approach focused on three vulnerable groups – people who use drugs, people who experience homelessness and asylum seekers and refugees – through a set of services, such as outreach teams, Housing…

read more

COVID19 | Life Quality Improvement Organisation [FLIGHT]

We are here as all across Europe struggling to stay open for our clients; drop-in centres got closed for longer stays so clients only get in if allowed by the local authority or get material over the window, many of them are making reserves- taking 4-6 boxes, actually…

read more

COVID19 | Ana Liffey Drug Project

On 12th March 2020 schools in Ireland closed to help reduce the spread of COVID-19. Five days later, on 17th March, Taoiseach Leo Varadkar addressed the nation stating that ‘Never will so many ask so much of so few,’ referring to the people on the front line of the…

read more

COVID19 | Association Margina

Our operations are compounded by the funding problems of our services that you are already aware of. Our organization is the only one that has survived the provision of HR services in all of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In accordance with the orders and recommendations of…

read more

COVI19 | Red Cross Barcelona: CAS/ARD Lluis Companys

Since the arrival of COVID-19 in Barcelona, our clients have been affected by a new reality that is beyond the limits of their access to facilities and services that affect proper socio-health care for their needs and rights. Initially, and in the face of the public…

read more

COVID 19 | Drug Consumption Room | AMOC

On a normal day, we would open the DCR at 10 am and most likely staff members would sit with the first users around a warm cup of coffee. But this is not a normal time and “normal days” seem a thing of the past. Nowadays, we still open the DCR at 10am and (among other…

read more

COVID19 | Georgian Harm Reduction Network

Georgia – 110 cases of COVID-19, till 5,000 under the quarantine measures, no deaths (31.03.2020). From 21 March till 21 April there is announced a state of emergency in the whole territory of the country. Harm reduction programs are being implemented continuously in…

read more

COVID19 | Scottish Drug Forum

Scotland like the rest of the UK has been in lockdown since 23rd March. Scotland has been preparing contingency plans to respond specifically to people with drug problems for some time, including our own document supported by the Scottish Government and key partners….

read more

COVID19 | Monar Krakow

Because of the COVID-19 epidemic, the drop-in project in Krakow operates with closed doors. But the entrance to the Drop-in is only partially closed. Luckily, there is a small window on the doors, which we use now as a pharmacy during its night shift. The restrictions…

read more

COVID19 | Free Clinic

We started our contingency plan in the week of 10th March to start our adapted work on 13th Friday. We want to keep our services open as long as possible – so we keep a part of the team home at stand-by. In case healthcare providers get ill, we have a backup team. All…

read more

Promotional Material

Below you can find all our COVID-19 promotional material which we are happy to share for external use. The images can be downloaded one by one or all via the final link below.
Each image has a different message.
All the statements can be read on our published Joint Statement here.

Please distribute and share widely and wisely.

#StayAtHome
C-EHRN Team

Download them all here

The 5th European Harm Reduction Conference

In 2020, the 5th European Harm Reduction Conference will be organised in Prague by Correlation European Harm Reduction Network in close cooperation with the Eurasian Harm Reduction Association and the Czech organisation Sananim.

 

The conference programme is currently under development. The European Network of People Who Use Drugs, the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction and other important stakeholders from Europe are joining us in this effort.

Target Groups

The 5th European Harm Reduction Conference targets professionals from the community, professionals working in the broader area of harm reduction, policy-makers and politicians, advocacy representatives, researchers, and media representatives.

Aims of the Conference

The conference will present the latest harm reduction developments and good, innovative practices. It will discuss drug policy and its implications on People Who Use Drugs and other marginalised groups, such as sex workers and People Living with HIV/Aids. It intends to discuss different perspectives on harm reduction, social inclusion and related topics. Finally, the conference provides an appropriate platform to create links and synergies between national and European stakeholders.

Statement: Harm Reduction Must Go On!

Correlation – European Harm Reduction Network and the Eurasian Harm Reduction Association, together with the Rights Reporter Foundation, published a joint position on the continuity of harm reduction services during the COVID-19 crisis.

Download the English, Russian, German, Portuguese, Spanish, Polish, Hungarian, Czech, Montenegrin PDF version here!

People Who Use Drugs (PWUDs) can be considered as a risk group in the COVID-19 epidemic. They often live at the margins of society with low or no access to housing, employment, financial resources, social and health care, and face systematic discrimination and criminalisation in the majority of countries. Many of them have multiple health problems, which can increase the risk of a (fatal) COVID-19 infection (including long-term diseases such as COPD, HIV, TB, cancer, and other conditions which reduce the immune system). Harm reduction services are often the one and only contact point for PWUDs to access the health service. They provide health and social services as well as other basic support, and function as an essential link to other life-saving services. We call on local and national governments and international organisations introducing safety measures and to:

1. Ensure the continuity and sustainability of harm reduction and other low-threshold services for PWUDs during the COVID-19 epidemic. This includes, in particular, Opiate Substitution Treatment (OST), Heroin Assisted Treatment (HAT), Needle and Syringe Programs (NSP), naloxone provision, and continued access to Drug Consumption Rooms (DCRs). In addition, essential basic services need to be provided, including day and night shelter, showers, clothing, food, and other services. This is of particular importance to those who experience homelessness and/or live on the streets.

2. Provide adequate funding for harm reduction and other low-threshold service providers, and supply them with adequate equipment to protect staff and clients from infections (soap, hand sanitiser, disposable face-masks, tissues etc.).

3. Acknowledge the important and critical role of harm reduction and other low-threshold services in the COVID-19 pandemic and address the specific vulnerable situation of PWUDs and other related groups.

4. Develop specific guidelines and regulations for harm reduction services, with respect to the vulnerable situation of PWUDs and related target groups. These guidelines should be developed in close cooperation with involved staff and the affected communities, and build on international WHO guidelines, recommendations, and evidence and/or national COVID-19 regulations.

More specifically we call for the following:

5. OST and HAT should be maintained and take-home regulations should be established or extended for patients to have the opportunity to come for treatment rarely then ones a week. Access through pharmacies should be ensured.

6. NSP should provide PWUDs with larger amounts of needles, syringes, and other paraphernalia to minimise the number of contacts. Special bins for needles and syringes should be provided to collect used material at home.

7. Harm reduction services should provide COVID-19 prevention material and information for staff, volunteers, and service users, including soap, alcohol-based hand sanitisers that contain at least 60% alcohol, tissues, trash baskets, and disposable face-masks (if this is requested by national regulations), for people who show symptoms like fever, coughing, and sneezing.

8. Drop-in services, day shelters, and DCRs should advise and support PWUDs in preventing COVID-19 infections. Visitors should be made to sanitise their hands when entering and should stay no longer than is absolutely necessary. Kitchens can prepare take-away food to be eaten outdoors. All necessary measures should be made to increase social distancing among visitors/staff with all possible means, and rooms should be ventilated. Overcrowding in harm reductions services, shelters, and DCRs should be avoided, by establishing safety measures, e.g. minimising the duration of stay, maximum number of visitors, entering only once per day. People with permanent housing should be encouraged to stay at home and come only to pick up needles and other harm reduction paraphernalia and tools.

9. The health situation of PWUDs should be monitored closely. If someone shows symptoms, such as fever and coughing, face-masks should be provided and a medical check-up should be ensured. Cooperation agreements with public health services, related health units, and hospitals need to be established to ensure direct medical support, follow up care, and treatment.

10. Night shelters need to be made available for people experiencing homelessness, with a separation in place between those who are not infected and those who are infected and need to be quarantined but do not need specific medical care and treatment in hospitals. Night shelters have to comply with the overall safety regulations for COVID-19, and people should not be exposed to additional risks for infection through overcrowding and insufficient health care.

11. Group-related services, such as meetings and consultations, should be cancelled and postponed until further notice or organised as online services. New treatment admissions should be temporarily suspended. Coercive measures (e.g treatment referrals made by court/prosecutor/police, probation officer visits etc.) should be suspended. Mandatory urine sampling should be abolished.

12. Harm reduction services should establish a safe working environment and make sure that staff are well informed and protected against infection. Service providers should identify critical job functions and positions, and plan for alternative coverage by involving other staff members in service delivery.

Marseille Declaration

The Hepatitis C Community Summit launched a statement about the negative effects of criminalisation on health and well being of people who use drugs:
 
 
The decriminalisation of drug use and ensuring national funding of key services will reduce death, disease and marginalisation of people who use drugs.
 
read more

C EHRN briefing paper

Whilst some progress has been made in recent years in expanding the availability of, and access to, naloxone in some European countries through the introduction of new approaches, some of which include the very people most at risk of an opioid overdose, coverage remains dangerously low. What can new technologies contribute to improve the situation? 

Read the C EHRN briefing paper part one here

Read the C EHRN briefing paper part two here

 

CIVIL SOCIETY MONITORING OF HARM REDUCTION IN EUROPE, 2019

DATA REPORT

Recommended citation:
Tammi, T., Rigoni, R., Matičič, M., Schäffer, D., van der Gouwe, D., Schiffer, K., Perez Gayo, R., Schatz, E. (2020):

This is the first monitoring report covering certain areas of drug policy and practice produced by Correlation – European Harm Reduction Network (C-EHRN). The purpose of this report is to enrich the information and knowledge base of harm reduction interventions in Europe from the viewpoint of civil society organisations, meaning organisations that directly work for, and with, people who use drugs. We believe that this approach is a necessary, and useful, contribution to the development of drug policy in the region.

We plan to repeat this reporting on an annual basis to identify developments and changes over time. A lot is being learned in this first pilot phase and adaptations to the focus and questions will be made, accordingly, as well as a recognition of certain limitations with regards to coverage and validation which we cannot easily overcome. Consequently, the information provided in this report is sometimes anecdotal and represents the situation in a particular city or region and informs us as to the experiences of a specific organisation in the field. Such ‘real life’ information can contribute significantly to an understanding of the advantages, barriers and challenges of drug policy.
We will use the insights and information collected in this report within our advocate efforts to strengthen harm reduction policies in Europe and, we hope, our partners and contributors will do the same in their environment at a regional and national level.

More than one hundred organisations and individuals from 35 European countries have contributed to the collection of data with an amazingly high response rate; we thank all contributors for their great work and commitment. Without their engagement, this work would never have been undertaken at all.
In particular, we would like to thank the authors of this report, Tuukka Tammi and Rafaela Rigoni, who were supported by the coordinators of the expert groups, Mojca Maticic, Daan van der Gouwe and Dirk Schäfer, respectively. A special thanks to Dagmar Hedrich of EMCDDA for her ongoing and patient support.
We thank the European Commission, DG Sante, for their financial support and to the Regenboog Groep, Amsterdam, for their ongoing support of Correlation – European Harm Reduction Network.

Eberhard Schatz
On behalf of the C-EHRN team

read report here…

 

Susanna Ronconi

Susanna is involved in the Harm Reduction field since the early 90’s. She coordinated one of the first outreach interventions in Italy. She advocated for Harm Reduction and Drug Policy Reform. Nowadays, Susanna is focused on qualitative research, training, supervision, human and civil rights etc.

 

Susanna Ronconi, Forum Droghe and ITARDD – Italian HR Network

  1. Can you tell us about your background?

I’ve been an outreach worker, in early ‘90s, I was the coordinator of one of the first outreach interventions in Italy, and an activist for Harm Reduction and Drug Policy Reform.  Then I started  to spend my  competences as a qualitative researcher  in studying  patterns and models of drug use, and in evaluating services and interventions.

  1. How would you describe your work in general?

Nowadays I work on  qualitative research,  supervision and training  of professionals and peers in drug, marginalization and prisons fields, often adopting a gender perspective. I’m also active as a CSOs networking facilitator at local and national level.   I’m involved in the Italian drug policy reform  movement and I’m an activist for human  and civil rights. I’m also a member of  the Commission on  violence against women at the Municipality of Torino.

  1. What drives you personally to work in your area of work?

With regard to drug issues, a 30 years experience in this field makes me realize that the great part  of harm related to drugs is due to wrong and ineffective policies much more than to drugs themselves, and that a radical change in drug policy is necessary. To reach this goal, both research and scientific knowledge, on one side, and  the active participation and involvement of all actors (CSO, professionals, PWUDs, policy  makers etc), on the other,  are  crucial factors. In a certain sense, I think that my work tries to connect these two aspects. With regard to prison issues, I had a personal experience  in the 80s, and I cannot forget it: working  in an abolitionist perspective is  necessary for me.  And finally, gender issues… I am a woman, I know what I want! And I have a long feminist story, just from the 70s.

  1. What is your current focus?

Talking about drugs, in the last 10 years  I’ve been working on  the perspective of  controlled use and self regulation as strategies  which can offer an alternative to prohibition and law&order oriented policies. In a drug use normalization perspective – and normalization  is a fact all over the world, I think – the only effective chance we have is to govern the drug phenomenon through a cultural and social approach, just as we do with alcohol. To promote this approach we need research (how people do and can  control and regulate their use?), social and community work (how we can share and promote  social rituals and norms to regulate the use in a safer way?) , new professionals’ skills (how professionals can support social controls?) and an innovative legal  framework (which kind of legal framework can support and not obstruct social controls?).  Harm reduction approach can support  this change in a relevant way.

  1. Why do you think that your current focus is important?

Because the normalization process dealing with drug use is going on and the prohibition is a blunt weapon and, at the same time, we must have an alternative. The development of a social drug culture can be the alternative.

Finally, as a harm reduction network, we are surely interested in your thoughts, specifically on this topic. We would be happy if you could please answer these last two questions also.

  1. Harm reductionis still underfunded in many countries, even if there is enough evidence that it works and is cost effective. Why is that?

Evidence is summoned in every declaration from every  public bodies all over the world…. but often it is only empty rethoric. The fact is that the global drug system is a powerful  machine that guarantees  rewards of position to many people  in the economic, political and strategic fields. That is why evidence is not enough: we need activism, communities involved, and  a strong connection between drug issue and other global issues.

  1. Please tell us what harm reduction means to you.

I started many years  ago distributing syringes , thinking that this was Harm reduction;  today I think that harm reduction is a strategic approach, a policy and, yes of course also a system of interventions and services. During the years, Harm reduction approach influenced and changed prevention and  treatment too, and demonstrated that living with drugs in a safer and sustainable way is possible. This is what we need in the normalization  age.