This policy brief aims at contributing to the reduction of the harms of ATS use by describing different trajectories of ATS use and offering a set of evidence-based interventions for different groups of ATS users. The different ATS trajectories are based on qualitative findings of large multinational research, the ATTUNE study, conducted between February and August 2017 in five European countries – the Netherlands, UK, Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic. The evidence-based interventions recommended in this brief are based on a literature review. In this document, both ATS trajectories and interventions from previous studies/programmes are combined to propose tailor-made recommendations for people who use ATS and those providing services to them.

The following sections in this brief describe:
1. The different types of ATS and the context of their use in Europe;
2. The various ATS use trajectories that ATTUNE study participants have experienced;
3. A set of evidence-based interventions to prevent, treat and reduce the harms caused by ATS use; and,
4. Recommendations for policymakers, practitioners and others working with drug-related services.

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